房地产投资的成本构成

申请会面

初始投资



PURCHASE PRICE
Unlike in other countries, Manhattan and Miami properties come with all kitchen appliances included in the final selling price of the apartment.

FLOORING
In Manhattan and Miami floors are included when buying new construction from the developer. In the past, Miami would deliver floors designer ready, which meant without any stone or wood floors.  Thankfully, that has changed. 

CLOSING COSTS
The average closing costs estimate is approximately 3% of the purchase price without financing, 4.5% of the purchase price if financing, which is approximately 2% of the mortgage amount.

This Closing Costs includes mansion tax 1.25% - 3.95% (on a sliding scale depending upon the value of the apartment),  as well as recording and legal fees. If purchasing off plan new construction, depending upon market conditions, it is customary for the buyer to pay additionally the seller's transfer taxes of approximately 2% in NYC. In Miami, it's called a developer fee  and is approx 1.25%-1.75% in Miami.  

运营成本(现金支出)

公共费用

For Condos, common charges generally run from $1.10 and $1.60 per sq. ft. per month. Such costs include common area heating, electricity, and cleaning; water; basic cable; security; building insurance; and operation of building amenities (fitness center, concierge, lounge, pool, playroom, etc.).

合作社收取维护费,其中包括所有公共费用,外加税费(业主不单独支付)和大楼的抵押贷款利息(如果有的话)。合作公寓公司可能有尚未偿还的大楼抵押贷款(用于屋顶维修或其他原因),利息将转嫁给合作公寓的股东。因此,你经常会发现,合作社的维护费用可能会更高(即使在对维护费用中包含的税费进行调整后),因为根据法律规定,公寓不得举债。

 

房地产税

Real Estate Taxes (or Property Taxes) are calculated on the assessed value – a value given to the property by its city government. A rate is then applied against this assessed value. The process is somewhat esoteric, but the rule of thumb is 0.1% of the purchase price per month in Manhattan and 0.2% of the purchase price per month in Miami.

Manhattan has a number of tax abatement programs for certain buildings that reduces taxes for 10, 15, or 20 years in some cases. However, many of these have expired and no new buildings can receive these abatements. See the Real Estate Taxes page for more information.

Miami has a homestead exemption for primary homebuyers of $25,000, but the value of such an exemption is quite insignificant. See more discussion of this on the Real Estate Taxes page.

 

抵押贷款

如果业主决定获得抵押贷款,那么他或她每月的支出将包括利息和本金。由于按揭计算的性质,在最初几年,买方将主要支付利息,这在美国是可以减税的。到了后期,购房者将主要支付本金。

例如,如果买方以 100 万美元的价格购买了一处房产,并以 5.5% 的利率贷款 50 万美元,固定期限为 30 年,则一年的按揭付款总额为 34067 美元(或每月 2839 美元)。其中 27,332 美元为免税利息。随着时间的推移,贷款本金逐渐还清,免税利息的数额也会随之减少。但在最初几年,这是一笔抵消租金收入的巨额支出。

有关抵押贷款的更多信息,请访问 按揭融资页面。

 

保险

业主应为物业本身购买保险 和责任保险。这笔费用每年只需几百美元。通常情况下,业主会要求租户也购买保险,这样业主的风险就会降低。

在佛罗里达州,独立式住宅的业主需要购买洪水和飓风保险。

 

中介费

在美国,购房交易中的佣金总是由卖方支付。卖方一般支付购房款 6% 的佣金,由买方经纪人和卖方经纪人平分。因此,在购房交易中,买方无需支付任何费用,就可以让我们代表他们工作。

如果买方决定出租新公寓,在曼哈顿,他们需要支付相当于一个月租金的经纪人佣金(仅限第一年)。但在迈阿密,通常由业主支付佣金(年租金的10%,由买卖双方的经纪人平分)来寻找租户。

物业管理页面了解更多房屋出租信息。

 


 

营业外成本

折旧

美国政府允许投资性房产的所有者在 27.5 年内折旧购买价和与融资无关的过户费。例如,如果买方以 100 万美元的价格购买了一套房产,与融资无关的过户费为 2.5 万美元(100 万美元乘以上述的 2.5%),那么买方每年可以扣除 37273 美元的折旧费,即每月 3106 美元。这是一笔可从租金收入中扣除的巨额非现金支出。

 

驯化

美国政府还允许投资性房产的所有者在贷款期内扣除过户费中融资部分的摊销额。这也属于非现金支出,可以从租金收入中扣除。

 


 

负应税收入

归根结底,在美国政府允许的所有扣除(包括上述现金和非现金扣除)的情况下,在开始的几年里,出资购买房地产的投资者将有负的应税收入(或税收损失)。这与现金损失不能混为一谈,因为在首付 40% 的情况下,业主很可能实现现金收支平衡(例如,既不产生现金收入,也不产生损失)。这些税收损失可以结转到房产产生税收收入的年份,以抵消这些收入并免除这些年份的税收。不过,随着时间的推移,现金收入会随着房产价值的增长而增长。

 

相关内容:

如何投资房地产

常见问题:在纽约市购买公寓

外国买家购买纽约公寓的清单

安排与我们的团队进行
面谈

安排会议

我需要房地产经纪人吗?